In 1994, the sixteen-year-old Ari Halberstam was killed when Rashid Baz opened fire with two handguns at a van carrying Ari and several other ḥasidic boys near the Brooklyn Bridge. Baz was convicted the same year on charges of murder and attempted murder, but the FBI declined to pursue the case, initially classifying it as “road rage”—despite the fact that Baz was in possession of anti-Semitic literature and despite significant evidence that he was influenced by the anti-Semitic sermons at the mosque he attended regularly. But Devorah Halberstam, Ari’s mother, devoted herself to investigating the details, eventually convincing the FBI to reclassify the incident as terrorism.

Jacob Siegel describes Halberstam’s unusual career, and her renewed relevance:

Few people took Halberstam seriously until September 11, 2001. . . . She became New York’s eccentric, homegrown expert on the intersection of criminal justice and counterterrorism. Local and state police called on her to teach classes; the FBI invited her to speak. . . . After the recent attacks in Jersey City, it was Devorah Halberstam whom New York City’s Mayor Bill de Blasio called to stand by his side at a press conference, perhaps to shore up his sagging credibility.

For years, even before the distraction of his ill-fated presidential campaign, de Blasio did little to address or arrest the rise in anti-Semitic incidents in the city. . . . When the mayor finally decided—or felt forced—to focus on anti-Semitism, he initially blamed white supremacists for hate crimes in New York City. . . . Gradually, de Blasio has been led by events toward a more expansive view of the problem, [while continuing to insist that] the rise in anti-Semitism, “is directly related to the permission that’s being given to hate speech in the last three years and that obviously connects to the election of Donald Trump.”

In New York, where she lives and where the spike in regular street attacks against Jews has taken place, Halberstam does not see the problem in terms of ideological enemies but looks instead to things closer to home: new proposals to change the laws around cash bail, parole for older inmates, and other initiatives risk “going from one extreme to the other,” Halberstam said.

In Brooklyn, Halberstam believes that the problem can be located “at the point where the NYPD’s hate-crimes task force has an event and passes it on to [the Brooklyn district attorney Eric] Gonzalez’s hate-crimes office.” Gonzalez . . . has a penchant for plea deals on hate-crime cases including those related to felony charges, according to Halberstam. [The hate-crime designation, she argues, must be] “meaningful,” [which] “doesn’t mean let the guy out the door so he can go back home and tell his buddies, ‘Nothing happens.’”

Two extraordinary events demonstrate something important about Israel’s most fervent adversaries. One was a speech given at something called The People’s Forum (funded generously by Goldman Sachs), which stated, “When the state of Israel is finally destroyed and erased from history, that will be the single most important blow we can give to destroying capitalism and imperialism.”

The suggestion that this tiny state is the linchpin of a global, centuries-old phenomenon like capitalism goes well beyond anything resembling rational criticism. Even if Israel were guilty of genocide, apartheid, and oppression—which of course it is not—it would not follow that its destruction would help end capitalism or imperialism.

The other was an anti-Israel protest that took place in front of New York City’s Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, deemed “complicit” in Israel’s evils. At organizers’ urging, participants shouted their slogans at kids in the cancer ward, who were watching from the windows. Given Hamas’s indifference toward the lives of Gazan children, such callousness toward non-Palestinian children from Hamas’s Western allies shouldn’t be surprising. The protest—like the abovementioned speech—deliberately conveyed the message that Israel is the ultimate evil and its destruction the ultimate good, cancer patients be damned.

The fact that Israel’s adversaries are almost comically perverse does not mean that they can be dismissed. If its allies fail to understand the obsessive and irrational hatred that it faces, they cannot effectively help it defend itself.