By the end of the 1950s, most scholars and archaeologists concluded that all of the ancient scrolls hidden in the caves of Qumran had been located or lost and that further expeditions would be in vain. But Oren Gutfeld of Hebrew University and Randall Price of Liberty University in Virginia are convinced that this assessment is incorrect, and in 2017 they began digging in caves high above the Dead Sea that had previously been surveyed, but never properly excavated. They completed their third season of digging last week, and plan to resume in 2020. While they have not yet found more scrolls, they’ve discovered ample evidence that they’re looking in the right places, as Amanda Borschel-Dan writes. (Pictures and video can be found at the link below.)

[N]o one knows the whereabouts of the Eastern Syriac patriarch Timothy’s particular cave, described in a letter [he wrote around 800 CE about a Bedouin who found ancient Hebrew scrolls] in the vicinity of Jericho. Perhaps it was fully emptied, its scrolls used by the [Jerusalem Jewish] community and eventually deposited in the Cairo Genizah. Or maybe it is one of the eleven major caves that held the 900-plus manuscripts and 15,000 tiny text fragments that have been unearthed since the besieged Qumran community stashed them away from the Romans circa 68 CE.

Or maybe, just maybe, Timothy’s cave is still out there to be discovered. If so, Gutfeld is positioning his team to find it—as well as a wealth of information on the people behind the Dead Sea Scrolls and their everyday lives. The previous two excavation seasons of [what is known as] Cave 53 bear out the possibility of overlooked artifacts. . . .

[S]o far, the team has discovered indications of “scroll activity”—accessories including jars, textile wrappings, and leather ties [that would have been used to store scrolls]. This winter, the team also examined a pair of hard-to-enter elevated caves, reachable only with full climbing gear and metal guides hammered into the rock. . . .

The cave complex also offered signs of much earlier habitation. Within moments of arriving at the terrace outside its mouth, Gutfeld bent over and picked up several pieces of pottery. In one hand he held a few shards from the Second Temple period. In another, prehistoric pottery from thousands of years ago, possibly Neolithic or Chalcolithic. Other prehistoric finds include arrow and spear heads, flint blades, an interestingly carved carnelian seal, and a piece of precious obsidian, which would have somehow made its way from Turkey.

Two extraordinary events demonstrate something important about Israel’s most fervent adversaries. One was a speech given at something called The People’s Forum (funded generously by Goldman Sachs), which stated, “When the state of Israel is finally destroyed and erased from history, that will be the single most important blow we can give to destroying capitalism and imperialism.”

The suggestion that this tiny state is the linchpin of a global, centuries-old phenomenon like capitalism goes well beyond anything resembling rational criticism. Even if Israel were guilty of genocide, apartheid, and oppression—which of course it is not—it would not follow that its destruction would help end capitalism or imperialism.

The other was an anti-Israel protest that took place in front of New York City’s Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, deemed “complicit” in Israel’s evils. At organizers’ urging, participants shouted their slogans at kids in the cancer ward, who were watching from the windows. Given Hamas’s indifference toward the lives of Gazan children, such callousness toward non-Palestinian children from Hamas’s Western allies shouldn’t be surprising. The protest—like the abovementioned speech—deliberately conveyed the message that Israel is the ultimate evil and its destruction the ultimate good, cancer patients be damned.

The fact that Israel’s adversaries are almost comically perverse does not mean that they can be dismissed. If its allies fail to understand the obsessive and irrational hatred that it faces, they cannot effectively help it defend itself.