From 132 to 136 CE, Simon bar Kokhba led a revolt against Roman rule of Judea; despite its initial success, the rebellion resulted in a devastating defeat that effectively ended aspirations for an imminent return of Jewish independence. Returning to the caves in the Judean desert, first discovered decades ago, that bar Kokhba’s troops used as hideouts, Israeli archaeologists are hoping to get to any remaining artifacts before looters do. At the focus of the project is the Cave of Skulls, so called because of the human remains found there in 1953. Ilan Ben Zion writes:

Uri Davidovich, [who] headed the excavation, explained that it yielded a trove of items shedding light on daily life for the inhabitants of the cave, likely refugees fleeing the Roman army during the second Jewish revolt against Rome.

“Among the things [we have found] connected to day-to-day life were pottery fragments and a few stone tools, [but] mostly objects that characterize Judean desert caves where, because of the dry conditions, organic materials are preserved: textiles, cords, fabrics, braids, leather and wood items,” Davidovich said over the bustle of activity. Also on that list were spindle whorls for weaving, awls, scraps of leather and papyrus, and a wooden comb. The vast majority of the finds were animal bones, some the remnants of the Judeans’ dinner, others brought in by hyenas or other wild animals over the centuries. A few human bones were unearthed as well.

Davidovich speculated that several dozen refugees likely lived in the cave for several months during the tumultuous period of Rome’s crackdown on the uprising. They probably came from villages south of modern-day Hebron, several kilometers north of the cave, bringing food and water with them. (There’s also a spring at the bottom of the gorge, about 250 meters below.) . . .

Sixty years ago, much of the seemingly insignificant material archaeologists hold on to today—olive stones, seeds, and other fragments of organic material—would have been cast away and ignored. Specialists at the Hebrew University’s labs will . . . now scrutinize those tiny objects to suss out data that will help construct a more complete portrait of the cave’s inhabitants.

Two extraordinary events demonstrate something important about Israel’s most fervent adversaries. One was a speech given at something called The People’s Forum (funded generously by Goldman Sachs), which stated, “When the state of Israel is finally destroyed and erased from history, that will be the single most important blow we can give to destroying capitalism and imperialism.”

The suggestion that this tiny state is the linchpin of a global, centuries-old phenomenon like capitalism goes well beyond anything resembling rational criticism. Even if Israel were guilty of genocide, apartheid, and oppression—which of course it is not—it would not follow that its destruction would help end capitalism or imperialism.

The other was an anti-Israel protest that took place in front of New York City’s Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, deemed “complicit” in Israel’s evils. At organizers’ urging, participants shouted their slogans at kids in the cancer ward, who were watching from the windows. Given Hamas’s indifference toward the lives of Gazan children, such callousness toward non-Palestinian children from Hamas’s Western allies shouldn’t be surprising. The protest—like the abovementioned speech—deliberately conveyed the message that Israel is the ultimate evil and its destruction the ultimate good, cancer patients be damned.

The fact that Israel’s adversaries are almost comically perverse does not mean that they can be dismissed. If its allies fail to understand the obsessive and irrational hatred that it faces, they cannot effectively help it defend itself.