Then as now, both.

Confirming the evidence of the Talmud.

Halakhah was important no matter how it was understood.

And the site of a heroic fight against the Romans.

Good luck with your resurrection!

May your horse be blocked like Balaam’s ass!

Written in an ancient Hebrew alphabet.

Scholars have deciphered three ancient psalms.

Its anti-Judaism is not peripheral but central to its theology.

From a 3rd-century synagogue to the Library of Congress.

For some time, Jews assumed it would be rebuilt imminently.

And remarkable improvements in Jewish-Catholic relations.

Liturgical tributes to the Hasmoneans in 7th-century Palestine.

What have they taught us?